Their erythrocytes have no ABO surface antigens and therefore do not react with the recipient's A or B antibodies. Historically, people with type O blood have been called universal donors because they usually can give blood to the other ABO blood types without causing an ABO transfusion reaction. On the other hand, if type A blood were donated to a person with type B blood, a transfusion reaction would occur because the person with type B blood has antibodies against the type A antigen, and agglutination would result. There would be no ABO transfusion reaction because the recipient has no antibodies against the type A antigen. For example, a person with type A blood could donate to another person with type A blood. Usually a donor can give blood to a recipient if they both have the same blood type. That’s why they are not important in donor blood, but their determining is quite essential in recipient blood.Ī donor is a person who gives blood, and a recipient is a person who receives blood. On the contrary, agglutinins are unstable comparatively to agglutinogens and they are easily destroyed while contact with side surface, while temperature changing. That’s why agglutinogens content is essential to be known, when blood is received from donor with its further usage for transmission. That’s why they contain practrically in all tissues of given organism and its fluids. High resistance to temperature, blood preservation terms are the characteristic of all agglutinogens. Both variants are accompanied by cells clumping. So, antigen-antibody interaction at room temperature is known as agglutination, at increased one – hemolysis. At room temperature, if one-named agglutinogens and agglutinins meet each other agglutination reaction occurs –the criterium of group characteristic. One can see conflict at blood hemotransfusions at meeting of one-named agglutinogens and hemolysines (they act at 37-40☌). There are also hemolysines in plasma and serum (they are designated like agglutinins). Blood of one individual can not have similar agglutinogens and agglutinins.
Also, the newborn baby has few if any agglutinins showing that agglutinin formation occurs almost entirely after birth.Īgglutinins are designated by letters б- and в.
One of the reasons for believing this is that injection of group A or group B antigen into a recipient having another blood type causes a typical immune response with formation of greater quantities of agglutinins than ever. Most of them are Ig G and M immunoglobulin molecules.īut why are these agglutinins produced in individuals who do not have the antigenic substances in their red blood cells? The answer to this seems to be that small amounts of group A and B antigens enter the body in the food, in bacteria, and in other ways, and these substances initiate the development of the anti-A or anti-B agglutinins. The agglutinins are gamma-globulins, as are other antibodies, and are produced by the same cells that produce antibodies to any other antigens.